Introduction to children and young people

These include rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, and stepping ND startle reflex. Babies are helpless when they are born and they don't have very much muscular co-ordination. They are able to focus their eyes very quickly and follow sound from side to side as well as being able to cry and make gurgling sounds Soon the muscles begin to strengthen and babies start to control their movements. This allows them to begin exploring their environment and learn how their world operates. Physical control and co-ordination progress downwards, beginning with the head and moving through the neck, trunk arms and the legs.Muscle control 0-3 years: 2 Months – able to raise head when lying on stomach Months- can grasp objects using whole hand 6 Months- Can sit up without support 8 Months – Can start to crawl 12 Months – can walk without help 18 Months- Can climb stairs and run but often falls 2 Years – Can controls muscles which allow for toilet training and can climb on furniture and kick a ball but not yet catch one 3 Years- can Jump and ride a tricycle Intellectual – means the development of the mind and lets us to recognize, remember, reason, know and understand thing around us.We also develop communication skills which allow us to make ourselves understood and to develop relationships. As children interact with the environment they slowly organism their thoughts and develop a set of Reposes for dealing with the world. These become adapted as new experiences occur giving us all a better understanding of our world. Language development is another part of intellectual development; children should know at least six works by 18 months.Most one-years-olds should be able to name simple objects and by the age of two most are able to put two or three words together into a simple sentence. By the age of three, most speech should be understandable and children should be able to speak in complete sentences. Emotional- at the age of one babies are able to learn about the effect their behavior has on their parents/guardians and can express emotions through tears, laugher and facial expressions At two years of age toddlers are known for their temper tantrums â€Å"terrible two's† as they struggle to express how they feel.They are able to show things to a certain degree, which is often expressed through play. At the age of three, children are more sensitive to others feelings and will share their toys with others and take it in turns to play with toys. They are interested in having friends and his is often when children start nursery or playgroup Social – Social development is similar to emotional development, young children from friendships and tends to show preferences for particular people.Language skills are important in the development of this relationship and, as children develop, they are more able to express their feeling verbally. Contact between ages is part of a normal family life and children benefit f rom spending time with both older and young people. Most children start nursery at this age and this provides an opportunity for them to share time with different age groups. Childhood 3- 11 years physical- growth continues really fast during childhood, although not as fast as in the first three years, and body proportions as beginning to be more adult-like.Gross and fine motor skills are becoming more advanced, like tying shoes, making and decorating a cake, playing football, building a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics Intellectual – as children get older they are able to do more logical activities. That begins to understand different concepts but often need to actually see concrete objects in order to understand them. As a child progresses through this tag they become fluent in language and may develop a good vocabulary. They become able to construct sentences and use grammar well.Moral development is something that begins during this phase. This is the pr ocess by which children take on rules and expectations of the society in which they brought up and develop a sense of right and wrong Emotional – as children progress through this stage they begin to lose the bounds with their main careers although they still need their support. They begin to be more independent and start to develop a sense of ‘sense' Most of our emotional responses are learned from our parents/guardians.All children learn to control of their emotional Reposes and to resolve conflict and parents/guardians should praise them when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. Children begin to show signs of compassion and empathy and again careers need to encourage this. During this stage children also develop the ability to talk about their feelings. Even at a young age children will say things such as ‘l feel sad' or ‘that makes me happy'. Social- as children develops into social beings they go thro ugh what us termed oscillations.Primary solicitation takes place within the family although there as many different types of family. Relationship with people outside the family becomes more important as children move through this stage. Teenagers 11-19 years Physical- at puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones trigger many changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into young woman and men. Intellectual- ideas about religions and politics may also begin to think about as their minds become more complex. Long term memory develops which enables teens to study for pass exams.Adolescents are able to start thinking about possibilities for both their immediate and long-term futures and plan ahead. Decisions such as whether or not to continue in education or to go out to work may be options for some. Emotional- often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They also o ften feel misunderstood and may challenge parental value, deliberately pushing against boundaries which are often perceived as too restrictive or controlling. Teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and urn to their friends for advice, which is called influence of a peer group.Young people want to be accepted by their friends and this can sometimes lead to difficult situations, affecting both self-esteem and self-concept. Social- social and emotional developments are intertwined. As teenagers gain independence, they spend more time with friends. This allows them to practice social skills. As teenagers turn more to their peers they often struggle because they want to be liked. Peer recognition is very important and things like the types of clothes and interest that are followed become significant.Peer pressure can also present difficulties as it can challenge many of the ideas learned from families. This can be a period during which problems can start by exper imenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitudes toward education. 2. Know the factors that affect children and young people's development 2. 1 identify the factors that affect children's and young people development to include: Background health environment Income- An income is the amount of money an individual has pay to provide everything they need in there life.This usually comes from paid employment or infinite an individual may receive from the government. Housing- where your life affects a lot of an individual's growth and development, some people live in cities, towns, some live in the suburbs and some live in rural areas. There are different types of places that you live in that can affect your health and wellbeing. Housing standards have improved a lot in the I-J but there are still people who live in poor housing. Environment- as well as the type of home you live in, the local environment and your community also affect your growth and development.Other environmenta l actors can include living in overcrowded areas with no recreation spaces, living close to busy roads which are noisy, living near sources of pollution or living a long way from health and welfare services. Many areas have high crime areas which is very dangerous and stressful Education- education affects development mainly because it affects Job opportunities. Higher educational achievement usually gives individuals more choice of the types of career or employment they can follow in the I-J, education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16, although many people study ended the age.Culture- people are categorized by themselves and others in different ways for example, race, social class, ethnicity or religion. Sometimes this can lead to stereotyping and people may make generalizations about other based on, for example, the types of clothing they wear. Gender- gender stereotypes as also reinforces by the types of Job people are directed to. For example, the health and social car e sector is mainly staffed by woman although today many more men are choosing Jobs in this area. Once in working there are employment laws against discrimination. 3. Know how to support children and young people's development. . 1 outline different ways to support children and young people's development to include; physical development communication intellectual development social, emotional and behavioral development Play is a big role in children's and young people's development. There are different ways in using language, verbal ways which are to question, clarify, describe, explain and debate. There is also nonverbal ways to communicate, like listening, looking and touching. Talking to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example now we're going to have a bath.When we are dry, we'll get dressed â€Å"parents can start reading with simple board books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their imagination and have input i n their stories are also effective. Music is also good play to young children; they will interact with the music by dancing and try to sing to the words. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the rhythm of language. Repeat their statements back to them with correct words. Give your child lots of praise for heir efforts.Physical Children develop at different rates while some are naturally late bloomers and others are ahead, there are things parents can do to encourage and support a child's physical development. Encourage your child to move from one place to another, play games with them, run around a playground or sports field, and climb things. Intellectual Encourage your child to find out what he likes to do and answer your child's questions when you can. As they grow older, many children lose their curiosity. Make sure your child eats well, stay active and gets proper amounts of sleep.Provide an opportunity to learn musical instrumen ts or practice some form of performing arts. Reading will help your child's mind grow. Social, emotional and behavior development Children often struggle with expressing their feelings; they need help knowing how to appropriately manage their feelings. Using language to identify, label and respect. It can also be helpful to tell and show young children other ways to manage like pounding clay, drawing pictures, and telling stories about how they are feeling. Helping to find appropriate ways to express emotions.